What Did The Uk Women Use As Makeup Back In The Days

History of cosmetics in cultures

The history of cosmetics spans at least 7,000 years and is present in about every society on globe. Cosmetic torso art is argued to accept been the primeval form of a ritual in human culture. The bear witness for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments (red ochre) including crayons associated with the emergence of Homo sapiens in Africa.^{[1] [2] [iii] [four] [five] [6]} Cosmetics are mentioned in the Old Testament—2 Kings nine:30 where Jezebel painted her eyelids—approximately 840 BC—and the book of Esther describes various beauty treatments equally well.

Cosmetics were also used in ancient Rome, although much of Roman literature suggests that it was frowned upon. It is known that some women in ancient Rome invented brand up including pb-based formulas, to whiten the peel, and kohl to line the eyes.^[vii]

Across the world [edit]

North Africa [edit]

Egypt [edit]

One of the earliest cultures to use cosmetics was aboriginal Egypt, where both Egyptian men and women used makeup to enhance their appearance. The use of cosmetics in Ancient Egypt is well documented. Kohl has its roots in due north Africa. The use of blackness kohl eyeliner and eyeshadows in dark colours such every bit blue, red, and black was common, and was commonly recorded and represented in Egyptian art, as well as being seen in Egyptian hieroglyphs. Ancient Egyptians as well extracted red dye from fucus-algin, 0.01% iodine, and some bromine mannite,^{[ vague ]} but this dye resulted in serious illness. Lipsticks with shimmering effects were initially made using a pearlescent substance found in fish scales, which are still used extensively today.^[8] Despite the hazardous nature of some Egyptian cosmetics, ancient Egyptian makeup was also thought to have antibacterial backdrop that helped preclude infections.^[9] Remedies to treat wrinkles contained ingredients such every bit gum of frankincense and fresh moringa. For scars and burns, a special ointment was fabricated of red ochre, kohl, and sycamore juice. An alternative treatment was a poultice of carob grounds and honey, or an ointment made of knotgrass and powdered root of wormwood. To improve breath the ancient Africans chewed herbs or frankincense which is still in use today. Jars of what could be compared with setting balm take been establish to contain a mixture of beeswax and resin. These doubled as remedies for problems such as baldness and greying hair. They likewise used these products on their mummies, because they believed that it would brand them irresistible in the afterward life.

Centre E [edit]

Cosmetics are mentioned in the One-time Testament, such as in 2 Kings 9:30, where the biblical figure Jezebel painted her eyelids (approximately 840 BC). Cosmetics are also mentioned in the book of Esther, where beauty treatments are described.

Asia [edit]

Prc [edit]

Flowers play an important decorative office in China. Legend has it that once on the 7th day of the 1st lunar month, while Princess Shouyang, daughter of Emperor Wu of Liu Vocal, was resting under the eaves of Hanzhang Palace near the plum copse afterward wandering in the gardens, a plum blossom drifted down onto her off-white face, leaving a floral imprint on her forehead that enhanced her dazzler further.^{[ten] [11] [12]} The court ladies were said to exist so impressed, that they started decorating their ain foreheads with a pocket-sized delicate plum flower pattern.^{[10] [11] [13]} This is also the mythical origin of the floral way, meihua zhuang ^[11] (梅花妝; literally "plum blossom makeup"), that originated in the Southern Dynasties (420–589) and became popular among ladies in the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) dynasties.^{[13] [14]}

Mongolia [edit]

Women of regal families painted ruby-red spots on the center of their cheeks, correct under their optics. However, information technology is a mystery why.^{[ citation needed ]}

Japan [edit]

A maiko in the Gion district of Kyoto, Japan, in full make-upwardly. The style of the lipstick indicates that she is still new.

In Nippon, geisha wore lipstick made of crushed safflower petals to paint the eyebrows and edges of the eyes likewise as the lips, and sticks of bintsuke wax, a softer version of the sumo wrestlers' hair wax, were used by geisha as a makeup base. Rice powder colors the face and back; rouge contours the eye socket and defines the nose.^{[15] [ unreliable source? ]} Ohaguro (blackness pigment) colours the teeth for the ceremony, called Erikae, when maiko (amateur geisha) graduate and become contained. The geisha would also sometimes use bird droppings to compile a lighter color.

Western asia [edit]

Cosmetics were used in Persia and what today is Iran from aboriginal periods.^{[ citation needed ]} Kohl is a black powder that is used widely across the Persian Empire. It is used as a powder or smeared to darken the edges of the eyelids similar to eyeliner.^[16] After Persian tribes converted to Islam and conquered those areas, in some areas cosmetics were only restricted if they were to disguise the real wait in guild to mislead or crusade uncontrolled desire.^{[ citation needed ]} In Islamic law, despite these requirements, there is no absolute prohibition on wearing cosmetics; the cosmetics must non be fabricated of substances that harm one's body.

An early on teacher in the 10th century was Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, or Abulcasis, who wrote the 24-book medical encyclopedia Al-Tasrif. A chapter of the 19th book was dedicated to cosmetics. As the treatise was translated into Latin, the cosmetic chapter was used in the Due west. Al-Zahrawi considered cosmetics a branch of medicine, which he called "Medicine of Beauty" (Adwiyat al-Zinah). He deals with perfumes, scented aromatics and incense. There were perfumed sticks rolled and pressed in special molds, maybe the earliest antecedents of nowadays-twenty-four hours lipsticks and solid deodorants. He too used oily substances called Adhan for medication and adornment.^{[ citation needed ]}

Europe [edit]

Cultures to use cosmetics include the aboriginal Greeks^{[17] [18]} and the Romans. In the Roman Empire, the apply of cosmetics was common amongst prostitutes and rich women. Such adornment was sometimes lamented by sure Roman writers, who thought information technology to be against the castitas required of women past what they considered traditional Roman values; and afterward past Christian writers who expressed similar sentiments in a slightly different context. Pliny the Elder mentioned cosmetics in his Naturalis Historia, and Ovid wrote a book on the topic.

Pale faces were a trend during the European Middle Ages. In the 16th century, women would bleed themselves to achieve pale skin. Spanish prostitutes wore pinkish makeup to dissimilarity pale skin.^{[ citation needed ]} 13th century Italian women wore reddish lipstick to bear witness that they were upper grade.^[19] Use of cosmetics connected in Middle Ages, where the face was whitened and the cheeks rouged;^[20] during the later on 16th century in the West, the personal attributes of the women who used makeup created a need for the production amidst the upper class.^{[ vague ] [20]} Cosmetics continued to be used in the following centuries, though attitudes towards cosmetics varied throughout time, with the use of cosmetics existence openly frowned upon at many points in Western history. In the 19th century, Queen Victoria publicly declared makeup improper, vulgar, and adequate but for employ past actors,^[21] with many famous actresses of the time, such as Sarah Bernhardt and Lillie Langtry using makeup.

19th century style ethics of women actualization fragile, feminine and pale were achieved by some through the use of makeup, with some women discreetly using rouge on their cheeks and drops of belladonna to amplify their eyes to appear larger. Though cosmetics were used discreetly by many women, makeup in Western cultures during this time was generally frowned upon, particularly during the 1870s, when Western social etiquette increased in rigidity. Teachers and clergywomen specifically were forbidden from the use of cosmetic products.

The Americas and Commonwealth of australia [edit]

Some Native American tribes painted their faces for ceremonial events or boxing.^{[ commendation needed ]} Like practices were followed by Aboriginals in Australia.

The examples and perspective in this article bargain primarily with the United States and do not correspond a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the outcome on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (Nov 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

19th century [edit]

During the late 1800s, the Western cosmetics industry began to grow due to a rise in "visual cocky-awareness," a shift in the perception of color cosmetics, and improvements in the safety of products.^[22] Prior to the 19th century, limitations in lighting engineering and admission to cogitating devices stifled people's ability to regularly perceive their appearance. This, in turn, limited the need for a cosmetic marketplace and resulted in individuals creating and applying their own products at dwelling house. Several technological advancements in the latter half of the century, including the innovation of mirrors, commercial photography, marketing and electricity in the home and in public, increased consciousness of one'south appearance and created a demand for corrective products that improved ane's image.^[23]

Confront powders, rouges, lipstick and similar products made from home were constitute to take toxic ingredients, which deterred customers from their utilize. Discoveries of not-toxic corrective ingredients, such as Henry Tetlow's 1866 use of zinc oxide as a face powder, and the distribution of cosmetic products by established companies such as Rimmel, Guerlain, and Hudnut helped popularize cosmetics to the broader public.^[23] Skincare, along with "face painting" products like powders, also became in-demand products of the cosmetics manufacture. The mass advertisements of cold foam brands such equally Pond's through billboards, magazines, and newspapers created a high demand for the product. These advert and cosmetic marketing styles were soon replicated in European countries, which further increased the popularity of the advertised products in Europe.^[23]

20th century [edit]

Audience applying makeup at lecture past beautician in Los Angeles, c. 1950

During the early on 1900s, makeup was non excessively pop. In fact, women inappreciably wore makeup at all. Make-upwards at this fourth dimension was still mostly the territory of prostitutes, those in cabarets and on the black & white screen.^[24] Face enameling (applying actual pigment to the face) became popular amid the rich at this time in an effort to wait paler. This practice was unsafe due to the main ingredient oftentimes being arsenic.^[25] Stake peel was associated with wealth because it meant that one was not out working in the sunday and could afford to stay within all mean solar day. Cosmetics were so unpopular that they could non be bought in department stores; they could simply be bought at theatrical costume stores. A woman'southward "makeup routine" ofttimes only consisted of using papier poudré, a powdered paper/oil blotting sail, to whiten the nose in the winter and polish their cheeks in the summer. Rouge was considered provocative, so was simply seen on "women of the night." Some women used burnt matchsticks to darken eyelashes, and geranium and poppy petals to stain the lips.^[25] Vaseline became loftier in demand considering it was used on chapped lips, every bit a base for pilus tonic, and soap.^[25] Toilet waters were introduced in the early 1900s, but only lavender water or refined cologne was open-door for women to article of clothing.^[26] Cosmetic deodorant was invented in 1888, by an unknown inventor from Philadelphia and was trademarked under the name Mum (deodorant). Roll-on deodorant was launched in 1952, and aerosol deodorant in 1965.

Around 1910, brand-up became fashionable in the U.s.a. and Europe owing to the influence of ballet and theatre stars such as Mathilde Kschessinska and Sarah Bernhardt. Colored makeup was introduced in Paris upon the arrival of the Russian Ballet in 1910, where ochers and crimsons were the almost typical shades.^[27] The Daily Mirror beauty book showed that cosmetics were now acceptable for the literate classes to wear. With that said, men often saw rouge as a mark of sex and sin, and rouging was considered an access of ugliness. In 1915, a Kansas legislature proposed to make it a misdemeanor for women nether the age of forty-four to wearable cosmetics "for the purpose of creating a false impression."^[28] The Daily Mirror was one of the beginning to suggest using a pencil line (eyeliner) to elongate the eye and an eyelash curler to accentuate the lashes. Eyebrow darkener was also presented in this dazzler book, created from gum Arabic, Indian ink, and rosewater.^[29] George Burchett adult corrective tattooing during this fourth dimension flow. He was able to tattoo on pinkish blushes, red lips, and nighttime eyebrows. He too was able to tattoo men disfigured in the Outset Globe War by inserting skin tones in damaged faces and by covering scars with colors more pleasing to the eye.^[30] Max Factor opened upward a professional makeup studio for phase and screen actors in Los Angeles in 1909.^[31] Even though his store was intended for actors, ordinary women came in to buy theatrical eye shadow and eyebrow pencils for their dwelling use.

In the 1920s, the pic industry in Hollywood had the nigh influential touch on on cosmetics. Stars such equally Theda Bara had a substantial consequence on the makeup industry. Helena Rubinstein was Bara'south makeup artist; she created mascara for the extra, relying on her experiments with kohl.^[32] Others who saw the opportunity for the mass-market of cosmetics during this fourth dimension were Max Factor, Sr., and Elizabeth Arden. Many of the nowadays day makeup manufacturers were established during the 1920s and 1930s. Lipsticks were 1 of the most pop cosmetics of this time, more and then than rouge and powder, because they were colorful and inexpensive. In 1915, Maurice Levy invented the metal container for lipstick, which gave license to its mass production.^[33] The Flapper style also influenced the cosmetics of the 1920s, which embraced dark optics, red lipstick, red nail polish, and the suntan, invented equally a style statement past Coco Chanel. The eyebrow pencil became vastly popular in the 1920s, in part because it was technologically superior to what it had been, due to a new ingredient: hydrogenated cottonseed oil (as well the key elective of another wonder product of that era Crisco Oil).^[34] The early commercial mascaras, like Maybelline, were but pressed cakes containing lather and pigments. A woman would dip a tiny brush into hot water, rub the bristles on the block, remove the backlog by rolling the brush onto some blotting paper or a sponge, then apply the mascara equally if her eyelashes were a watercolor canvas.^[34] Eugène Schueller, founder of L'Oréal, invented mod constructed hair dye in 1907 and he too invented sunscreen in 1936.^[35] The first patent for a nail smoothen was granted in 1919. Its color was a very faint pink. It's not clear how night this rose was, just any girl whose nails were tipped in any pink darker than a baby's blush risked gossip nigh being "fast."^[34] Previously, simply agricultural workers had sported suntans, while stylish women kept their skins every bit pale as possible. In the wake of Chanel's adoption of the suntan, dozens of new fake tan products were produced to assistance both men and women achieve the "sun-kissed" look. In Asia, pare whitening continued to represent the ideal of beauty, as it does to this day.

In the fourth dimension flow after the First World War, there was a smash in cosmetic surgery. During the 1920s and 1930s, facial configuration and social identity dominated a plastic surgeon's world. Face-lifts were performed as early as 1920, but it wasn't until the 1960s when cosmetic surgery was used to reduce the signs of aging.^[36] During the twentieth century, corrective surgery mainly revolved effectually women. Men only participated in the practice if they had been disfigured by the war. Silicone implants were introduced in 1962. In the 1980s, the American Order of Plastic Surgeons fabricated efforts to increase public awareness near plastic surgery. As a result, in 1982, the U.s.a. Supreme Court granted physicians the legal right to annunciate their procedures.^[37] The optimistic and simplified nature of narrative advertisements often fabricated the surgeries seem hazard-costless, even though they were anything but. The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reported that more than two 1000000 Americans elected to undergo cosmetic procedures, both surgical and not-surgical, in 1998, liposuction being the most popular. Breast augmentations ranked 2d, while numbers three, iv, and 5 went to eye surgery, face-lifts, and chemic peels.^[36]

During the 1920s, numerous African Americans participated in skin bleaching in an attempt to lighten their complexion as well as pilus straightening to appear whiter. Skin bleaches and pilus straighteners created fortunes worth millions and accounted for a massive 30 to fifty per centum of all advertisements in the black press of the decade.^[38] Often, these bleaches and straighteners were created and marketed by African American women themselves. Skin bleaches contained caustic chemicals such as hydroquinone, which suppressed the production of melanin in the skin. These bleaches could cause severe dermatitis and even death in high dosages. Many times these regimens were used daily, increasing an individual'south risk. In the 1970s, at least 5 companies started producing make-up for African American women. Earlier the 1970s, makeup shades for Blackness women were express. Face makeup and lipstick did non work for dark skin types because they were created for pale skin tones. These cosmetics that were created for stake skin tones only made nighttime skin appear grey. Eventually, makeup companies created makeup that worked for richer skin tones, such equally foundations and powders that provided a natural match. Popular companies similar Astarté, Afram, Libra, Flori Roberts and Fashion Off-white priced the cosmetics reasonably due to the fact that they wanted to reach out to the masses.^[39]

From 1939 to 1945, during the Second Earth State of war, cosmetics were in curt supply.^[40] Petroleum and alcohol, basic ingredients of many cosmetics, were diverted into state of war supply. Ironically, at this fourth dimension when they were restricted, lipstick, powder, and face cream were most desirable and near experimentation was carried out for the mail war period. Cosmetic developers realized that the state of war would result in a phenomenal boom afterwards, so they began preparing. Yardley, Elizabeth Arden, Helena Rubinstein, and the French manufacturing company became associated with "quality" afterward the war considering they were the oldest established. Pond'south had this same appeal in the lower price range. Gala cosmetics were one of the starting time to give its products fantasy names, such equally the lipsticks in "lantern cerise" and "sea coral."^[41]

During the 1960s and 1970s, many women in the western world influenced by feminism decided to get without whatever cosmetics. In 1968 at the feminist Miss America protest, protestors symbolically threw a number of feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can." This included cosmetics,^[42] which were amongst items the protestors called "instruments of female torture"^[43] and accouterments of what they perceived to be enforced femininity.

Cosmetics in the 1970s were divided into a "natural expect" for twenty-four hour period and a more sexualized image for evening. Non-allergic makeup appeared when the bare face was in way as women became more interested in the chemic value of their makeup.^[44] Modern developments in engineering science, such every bit the High-shear mixer facilitated the production of cosmetics which were more natural looking and had greater staying power in article of clothing than their predecessors.^[45] The prime cosmetic of the time was centre shadow, though; women also were interested in new lipstick colors such as lilac, greenish, and silver.^[46] These lipsticks were ofttimes mixed with pale pinks and whites, so women could create their own private shades. "Blush-ons" came into the market in this decade, with Revlon giving them wide publicity.^[46] This product was applied to the forehead, lower cheeks, and mentum. Contouring and highlighting the face with white eye shadow cream too became popular. Avon introduced the lady saleswoman.^[47] In fact, the whole cosmetic industry in full general opened opportunities for women in concern every bit entrepreneurs, inventors, manufacturers, distributors, and promoters.^[48]

21st century [edit]

Beauty products are at present widely available from dedicated internet-only retailers,^[49] who have more recently been joined online past established outlets, including major department stores and traditional brick-and-mortar dazzler retailers.

Like most industries, corrective companies resist regulation past authorities agencies. In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does non approve or review cosmetics, although information technology does regulate the colors that can be used in hair dyes. Cosmetic companies are not required to report injuries resulting from utilise of their products.^[50]

Although mod makeup has been used mainly past women traditionally, gradually an increasing number of males are using cosmetics ordinarily associated to women to enhance their own facial features. Concealer is commonly used by cosmetic-conscious men. Cosmetics brands are releasing cosmetic products particularly tailored for men, and men are using such products more than commonly.^[51] At that place is some controversy over this, nevertheless, equally many feel that men who wear makeup are neglecting traditional gender roles, and do not view men wearing cosmetics in a positive light. Others, however, view this as a sign of increasing gender equality and feel that men also accept the right to enhance their facial features with cosmetics if women practice.

Today the market of cosmetics has a unlike dynamic compared to the 20th century. Some countries are driving this economy:

• Nihon: Nihon is the 2nd largest market in the globe. Regarding the growth of this market, cosmetics in Japan take entered a menstruation of stability. However, the market situation is quickly changing. Now consumers can access a lot of data on the Net and choose many alternatives, opening upward many opportunities for newcomers entering the market, looking for chances to run across the diverse needs of consumers. The size of the cosmetics market for 2010 was 2286 billion yen on the basis of the value of shipments past make manufacturer. With a growth rate of 0.i%, the market was virtually unchanged from the previous year.^[52]
• Russia: Ane of the most interesting emerging markets, the fifth largest in the world in 2012, the Russian perfumery and cosmetics market has shown the highest growth of 21% since 2004, reaching US$13.five billion.^{[ citation needed ]}

With the imposition of lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent wariness to render to salons, trends that imitate salon procedures started to emerge, such as more than complicated home skin-care regimens, hair color preserving products, and beauty tools.^[53] Early in the pandemic, sales on makeup essentials, similar foundation and lipstick, decreased by up to seventy% because of quarantining and confront-covering mandates.^[54]

See likewise [edit]

• Cosmetics
• Female corrective coalitions
• Ochre
• Prehistoric art
• Symbolic culture
• Blombos Cave

References [edit]

1. ^ Power, Camilla (2010). "Cosmetics, identity and consciousness". Journal of Consciousness Studies. 17 (seven–8): 73–94.
2. ^ Power, C. (2004). "Women in prehistoric art". In Berghaus, G. (ed.). New Perspectives in Prehistoric Art. Westport, CT & London: Praeger. pp. 75–104.
3. ^ Watts, Ian (2009). "Red ochre, body painting and linguistic communication: interpreting the Blombos ochre". In Botha, Rudolf; Knight, Chris (eds.). The Cradle of Linguistic communication. OUP Oxford. pp. 62–92. ISBN978-0-19-156767-4.
4. ^ Watts, Ian (1 September 2010). "The pigments from Superlative Point Cave 13B, Western Cape, Due south Africa". Journal of Human Evolution. 59 (3): 392–411. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.006. PMID 20934093.
5. ^ Lesley Adkins, Roy A. Adkins, Handbook to life in Ancient Greece, Oxford University Press, 1998^{[ page needed ]}
6. ^ Bruno Burlando, Luisella Verotta, Laura Cornararara, and Elisa Bottini-Massa, Herbal Principles in Cosmetics, CRC Printing, 2010
7. ^ Olson, Kelly (2009). "Cosmetics in Roman Antiquity: Substance, Remedy, Poisonous substance". Classical World. 102 (iii): 291–310. doi:10.1353/clw.0.0098. JSTOR 40599851. Project MUSE 266767.
8. ^ Johnson, Rita (1999). "What's That Stuff? Lipstick". Chemical and Engineering News. 77 (28): 31. doi:10.1021/cen-v077n028.p031.
9. ^ Sindya N. Bhanoo (18 Jan 2010). "Ancient Arab republic of egypt'south Toxic Makeup Fought Infection, Researchers Say". The New York Times.
10. ^ ^{a b} Cai, Zong-qi, ed. (2008). How to read Chinese verse: A guided album. New York: Columbia University Printing. p. 295. ISBN978-0-231-13941-0.
11. ^ ^{a b c} Wang, Betty. "Bloom deities marking the lunar months with stories of Beloved & Tragedy". Taiwan Review. Government Information Office, Republic of Communist china. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved twenty Nov 2011.
12. ^ West & East 中美月刊. Sino-American Cultural and Economic Association. 36–37: 9. 1991. ISSN 0043-3047 https://books.google.com/books?ei=qXyQTqOYOIqVOpbimcwN.
13. ^ ^{a b} Huo, Jianying. "Ancient Cosmetology". Mainland china Today. Retrieved eight October 2011.
14. ^ Mei, Hua (2011). Chinese clothing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 32. ISBN978-0-521-18689-6. For example, the Huadian or brow decoration was said to have originated in the Due south Dynasty, when the Shouyang Princess was taking a walk in the palace in early bound and a lite breeze brought a plum bloom onto her forehead. The plum blossom for some reason could non exist washed off or removed in any way. Fortunately, it looked beautiful on her, and of a sudden became all the rage among the girls of the commoners. Information technology is therefore called the "Shouyang makeup" or the "plum blossom makeup." This makeup was popular amidst the women for a long time in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
15. ^ Make-Up of Geisha and Maiko Archived ix February 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Immortal Geisha. Retrieved on 29 September 2010.
16. ^ Oumeish, Oumeish Youssef (July 2001). "The cultural and philosophical concepts of cosmetics in beauty and art through the medical history of mankind". Clinics in Dermatology. 19 (iv): 375–386. doi:10.1016/s0738-081x(01)00194-8. PMID 11535377.
17. ^ Adkins, Lesley and Adkins, Roy A. (1998) Handbook to life in Ancient Greece, Oxford University Press
18. ^ Burlando, Bruno; Verotta, Luisella; Cornara, Laura and Bottini-Massa, Elisa (2010) Herbal Principles in Cosmetics, CRC Printing
19. ^ inFlux '99 | A Colorful History. Influx.uoregon.edu. Retrieved on 29 September 2010.
20. ^ ^{a b} Angeloglou, Maggie. The History of Make-upwards. Showtime ed. Great Britain: The Macmillan Visitor, 1970. 41–42. Impress.
21. ^ Pallingston, J (1998). Lipstick: A Commemoration of the World'due south Favorite Corrective. St. Martin'south Press. ISBN978-0-312-19914-2.
22. ^ Jones, G. (2010). "How Do I Wait?" In Dazzler Imagined (p 44-63). essay, Oxford University Press.
23. ^ ^{a b c} Jones, G (2010). "How Practise I Look?" In Beauty Imagined. Oxford Academy Press. pp. 44–63.
24. ^ Sava, Sanda (5 May 2016). "A history of Make-up & Style: 1900-1910". sandasava.com . Retrieved 19 May 2016.
25. ^ ^{a b c} Angeloglou 1970, p. 113.
26. ^ Angeloglou 1970, p. 114.
27. ^ Angeloglou 1970, p. 115.
28. ^ Peiss 1998, p. 55.
29. ^ Angeloglou 1970, p. 116.
30. ^ Angeloglou 1970, p. 117.
31. ^ Peiss 1998, p. 58.
32. ^ Angeloglou 1970, p. 119.
33. ^ Angeloglou 1970, p. 125.
34. ^ ^{a b c} Teresa Riordan. Inventing Dazzler. (New York: Broadway Books, 2004).^{[ page needed ]}
35. ^ Fifty'Oréal. Loreal.com (viii December 2009). (accessed on 29 September 2010).
36. ^ ^{a b} Haiken, Elizabeth (2000). "The Making of the Modern Confront: Corrective Surgery". Social Enquiry. 67 (ane): 81–97. JSTOR 40971379. PMID 17099986.
37. ^ Lee, Shu-Yueh; Clark, Naeemah (2014). "The Normalization of Cosmetic Surgery in Women'south Magazines from 1960 to 1989". Journal of Magazine Media. 15 (1). doi:ten.1353/jmm.2014.0014. Project MUSE 773691.
38. ^ Dorman, Jacob S. (1 June 2011). "Skin bleach and civilization: the racial formation of blackness in 1920s Harlem" (PDF). Journal of Pan African Studies. four (four): 47–81. Gale A306514735.
39. ^ "Modern Living: Black Cosmetics". Fourth dimension Magazine. 29 June 1970. (accessed nine February 2010).
40. ^ Angeloglou 1970, p. 127.
41. ^ Angeloglou 1970, p. 131.
42. ^ Dow, Bonnie J. (2003). "Feminism, Miss America, and Media Mythology". Rhetoric & Public Diplomacy. vi (1): 127–149. doi:10.1353/rap.2003.0028. S2CID 143094250.
43. ^ Duffett, Judith (October 1968). WLM vs. Miss America. Voice of the Women's Liberation Motility. p. 4.
44. ^ Angeloglou 1970, p. 138.
45. ^ "Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Naobay". Charles Ross & Son Company. (accessed vii June 2009).
46. ^ ^{a b} Angeloglou 1970, p. 135.
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48. ^ Peiss 1998, p. five.
49. ^ "Lessons from categorising the entire beauty products sector (Function 1)". p. 1. Retrieved 28 September 2009.
50. ^ "Cosmetics and your health." womensheatlh.gov.nd.web.4 nov 2004
51. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2011. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy equally championship (link)
52. ^ ""The Japanese cosmetics market is actively changing," Hajime Suzuki, Cosme Tokyo". Premium Beauty News.
53. ^ "The beauty trends customers are buying during Covid-19". Vogue Business. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
54. ^ "Sleeping beauty halls: how Covid-19 upended the 'lipstick index'". the Guardian. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2022.

Sources [edit]

• Angeloglou, Maggie (1970). A History of Brand-up. Macmillan. OCLC 615683528.
• Peiss, Kathy Lee (1998). Hope in a Jar: The Making of America's Beauty Culture. Metropolitan Books. ISBN978-0-8050-5550-4.

External links [edit]

• Early 19th Century Cosmetics in England during the British Regency
• Naked confront projection: Women effort no-makeup experiment - USATODAY.com (28 March 2012)

What Did The Uk Women Use As Makeup Back In The Days,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cosmetics

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